While common rail is standard on most European auto and light-truck engines, Volkswagen remains committed to electronic unit injection. Figure 6-4 illustrates the Bosch unit…
Category: Electronic Systems
Piezo injectors evolved from the flow-control technology developed by Siemens VDO for ink jet printers. Piezo crystals expand when excited by voltage and, conversely, generate…
Figure 6-2 is a schematic of a multi-hole, solenoid-operated injector of the type used on common-rail systems. The upper end of the spring-loaded needle is…