The alternator constantly senses the output voltage and when a preset voltage is reached – usually 14.2 volts – will progressively shut itself down to…

These generate electric power and are driven by the engine, usually through a V-belt or multi V-belt. The alternator normally runs faster than the engine,…

The starting system comprises two components, the motor itself and its solenoid-operated electrical relay. The relay is necessary because the heavy electrical currents delivered to…

Engine lubricating oils are designed to be mixable with oils of a different standard. Engines cover a wide range of service conditions from low powered,…

1. Run the engine up to operating temperature and stop. 2. Drain the engine oil through the sump plug into a container, or pump oil…

Keep the oil level between the marks on the dipstick. The colour of the lubricating oil in the system says much for the engine’s health…

Four-stroke lubrication system 1 Oil strainer. 2 Oil pump. 3 Pressure release valve. 4 Oil cooler. 5 Oil filter. 6 Oil gallery. 7 Oil feed…

Leaks in raw water systems can cause extensive engine corrosion so they should be cured as soon as possible. Rubber pipes deteriorate with age and…

Leaks If a leak is detected between the raw water and freshwater systems, it is most likely to be in the heat exchanger. The seals…

Heat exchangers are used with indirect cooling systems. The hot engine (fresh) cooling water passes over a stack of pipes containing raw water, which absorbs…