M11 Series – Service Manual – 008-019   Cooling System – Air or Combustion Gas Test

WARNING  Wait until the temperature is below 50°C [120°F] before removing the coolant system pressure cap. Failure to do so can cause personal injury from heated coolant spray.

Allow the engine to cool, and remove the radiator cap.

NOTE: The pressure cap

must make a tight seal.

Install a radiator pressure cap that has had the spring and pressure relief valve removed.

Attach a rubber hose to the radiator overflow connection.

Place the free end of the hose in a container of water.

Operate the engine at rated rpm until it reaches a temperature of 80°C
[180°F] with the thermostat open.

Check for a continuous flow of air bubbles from the hose in the water container.

A continuous flow of air bubbles can be caused by one of the following:

• Fan, shutter, or heater air control thermostat valve leaking air. Refer to the Leak Test for Fan, Shutter, or Heater Air Control Valve:

  Procedure 008-019.

• An air compressor cylinder head leak. Refer to the Leak Test for Air Compressor in this section.

If one of the air control valves or the air compressor was

not the source of air entering the cooling system, perform the Combustion Gas Leak Test in this section.

If no air is found in the cooling system, do the following:

• Remove the test equipment.
• Check the coolant level and fill, if necessary.
• Install the radiator pressure cap.
• Operate the engine until it reaches a temperature of 80°C [180°F]
  and check for coolant leaks.

Disconnect the vehicle air supply hose to the fan, the shutter, and the heater air control valve.

Install a plug in the air supply hose.

If the vehicle is equipped with more than one air control valve, check

only one valve at a time.

Repeat the test for air in the cooling system as previously described.

Refer to Procedure 008-019. If no air is found in the cooling system with the air control valve(s) isolated, install a new control valve.

NOTE: Start the engine and run for 5 minutes before testing for air in the coolant. This will purge any trapped air from the system.

Disconnect the coolant supply and the return tubes from the air compressor. Use a short piece of hose to connect the tubes together to prevent coolant loss during engine operation.

Repeat the test for air in the cooling system as previously described.

Refer to Procedure 008-019. If no air is found in the cooling system with the air compressor isolated, repair or replace the air compressor.

Refer to Section12.

Use combustion gas leak test kit, Part No. 3822985 or equivalent, to test for combustion gases in the cooling system.

It is recommended that the cooling system contain a mixture of 50-percent antifreeze and 50-percent water during the combustion gas leak test. The use of

only water can result in a color change in the test fluid from blue to turquoise or light green during the test. This is

not an indication of a combustion gas leak.

WARNING  Coolant is toxic. Keep children and pets away. If the coolant is not going to be reused, dispose of it in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations.

Drain the coolant level down approximately 50 mm [2 in] below the radiator cap seal ledge in the radiator fill neck.

Pour the test fluid into the combustion gas leak test instrument until it is up to the yellow fill line on the instrument.

Insert the rubber tip of the combustion gas leak test instrument in the radiator fill neck. Hold the instrument down firmly while turning back and forth to make sure that an airtight seal is formed between the tester and radiator fill neck.

Start the engine and run at high idle for approximately 30 minutes. Monitor the engine temperature and color of the test fluid during engine operation. Do

not allow the engine temperature to exceed 100°C [212°F]
during the test.

If the color of the test fluid changes from blue to yellow anytime during the test, combustion gases are leaking into the cooling system. Discontinue the test if the color of test fluid changes from blue to yellow.

If the color of the test fluid does

not change from blue to yellow during the 30-minute test period, return the engine to low idle.

Check the test instrument to make sure that it is firmly sealed in the radiator fill neck.

Insert the tip of the rubber ball into the hole in the top of the test instrument. Squeeze the rubber ball 2 to 3 minutes to draw air from the radiator through the test fluid.

If the color of the test fluid remains blue, combustion gases are

not entering the cooling system. If the color of the test fluid changes from blue to yellow, combustion gases are entering the cooling system. Further investigation is required to determine the source of the combustion leak.

As the cooling system warms up to operating temperature, air will be expelled through the combustion gas tester in the form of bubbles in the test fluid. This is due to normal expansion of the coolant. Do

not
mistake the presence of air bubbles in the tester as combustion gases or air leaks into the cooling system. A change in the color of the test fluid from blue to yellow is the

only indication of combustion gas in the cooling system.

A positive result from the combustion gas leak tester indicates the following:

• Cylinder liner protrusion incorrect.

  Refer to Procedure 001-064.

• Cylinder head gasket or cylinder head casting leakage.

  Refer to Procedure 002-004.

• Injector sleeve leakage.

  Refer to Procedure 002-004. .

• Cracked cylinder liner.

  Refer to Procedure 001-028. .

NOTE: Discard the test fluid if it has indicated positive.

A negative result from the combustion gas leak tester coupled with a continuous flow of air bubbles from the previous test indicates the following:

• Defective fan, shutter, or heater air control valve
• Air compressor head or head gasket leakage
• Air entrained due to a bad radiator check valve or incorrect fill.