N14 Base Engine Troubleshooting and Repair Manual – 014-005   Engine Testing (Engine Dynamometer)

Make sure the dynamometer capacity is sufficient to permit testing at 100 percent of the engine rated horsepower. If the capacity is not enough, the testing procedure must be modified to the restrictions of the dynamometer.

Use engine lifting fixture, Part Number 3822512, to install the engine to the test stand. Align and connect the dynamometer. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for aligning and testing the engine.

Refer to Service Bulletin 3666005, Dynamometer and Road Engine Testing, for detailed instructions on auxiliary aftercooling system attachment.

Some engines are equipped with fittings used for Compuchek® testing sensors. The sensor probes used for Compuchek® and dynamometer testing are not compatible. If the same location is used, remove the Compuchek® fitting and install adapters for the dynamometer sensor.

Install the coolant pressure sensor (1).

Install the coolant temperature sensor (2).

Connect the coolant supply to the water inlet connection.

Connect the coolant return to the water outlet connection.

Install the drain plugs and close all of the water drain cocks.

Loosen the cooling system vent line.

Fill the system with coolant until it flows from the vent. Tighten the vent line and finish filling the system.

The use of a remote aftercooler is mandatory whenever a Cummins® charge-air cooler engine is attached to an engine dynamometer for the purpose of engine run-in, performance testing, and engine diagnostics.

Do not attempt to run a Cummins® charge-air cooler engine without any means of controlling the intake manifold air temperature.

Dyno-room charge air cooler, Part Number 3823978, utilizes twin Big Cam III aftercooler assemblies arranged for parallel air and water flow to cool the intake air to acceptable levels.

The parallel air flow circuit heat exchangers provide optimum performance by delivering air to the intake manifold at temperatures no higher than 66°C [150°F], and with less than the maximum allowable intake air pressure drop (102 mm Hg [4 in Hg]).

The remote aftercooler removes energy from the intake air which is compressed and heated by the turbocharger to temperatures as high as 210°C [410°F] and then cooled to temperatures of 66°C [150°F] using city water at 16°C [60°F].

Water from a city tap line flows to the aftercoolers via a one inch inside diameter neoprene hose.

Testing has shown the 12 gallon per minute (GPM ) city water flow is required (6 GPM per aftercooler core) to adequately cool the intake air for the 435 through 500 horsepower rated engine.

A typical garden hose is not suitable for this flow due to the excessive restriction.

A low restriction ball type or gate valve is suitable for the operation provided the required flow rates are obtained.

Water returns to the drain or reservoir from the aftercoolers via a one inch inside diameter hose.

A low restriction gate valve or ball valve must be placed on the drain line(s) to allow regulation of the water flow through the aftercoolers.

This enables one to maintain optimum intake air temperature during the test or run-in procedure.

The condensate that will develop, as the intake air is cooled in the remote aftercooler, is allowed to drain at all times through a hole at the bottom of the tubular steel manifold between the aftercoolers.

This fitting must remain unobstructed throughout each use of the aftercoolers.

Some air flow will escape through the condensate drain opening, but it is insignificant compared to the total air flow.

The air flow piping requires four inch inside diameter aluminized steel piping.

The flow circuit must have as few bends as possible, maximizing the length of straight sections. However, when bends are required, use long elbows.

Do not use square elbows or anything that changes the air flow direction quickly.

To reduce intake air restriction, air flow direction changes must occur gradually.

During engine test, monitor the pressure drop through the remote aftercooler.

Install one end of a manometer to the Compuchek® fitting in the turbocharger compressor outlet elbow.

Install the other end of the manometer to the Compuchek® fitting in the intake manifold.

Although less accurate than a manometer, two individually calibrated pressure (in Hg) gauges can be used to monitor pressure drop.

The pressure drop between these two locations must not be greater than 152 mm Hg [6 in Hg] (21 kPa [3 psi]).

If the pressure drop is greater than 152 mm [6 in Hg] (21 kPa [3 psi]), check the remote aftercoolers and air flow piping for plugging. Clean and replace if necessary.

During engine test, also monitor intake manifold temperature.

Install a thermocouple (Fluke) into the 1/2 inch pipe tap in the intake manifold.

The intake air heats up as it passes through the intake manifold so the temperature must be measured as close to the intake manifold elbow as possible.

If the intake manifold temperature exceeds 66°C [150°F] during the test, make sure that there is an ample supply of clean cool water flowing through the aftercoolers.

Under no circumstances must the intake air temperature be allowed to exceed 77°C [170°F].

Inspect the engine for coolant leaks.

Repair all leaks found.

Install a water manometer to the air inlet pipe of the turbocharger to measure inlet restriction.

The manometer adapter must be installed at a 90 degree angle to the air flow in a straight section of pipe, one pipe diameter before the turbocharger.

A vacuum gauge can be used to record the intake air restriction.

Minimum gauge capacity: 760 mm H ₂ 0 [30 inches H ₂ 0].

Connect a mercury manometer to a straight section of the exhaust piping near the turbocharger outlet to measure exhaust restriction.

Protect the hose from heat by using a 305 mm [12 in] minimum length of metal tubing leading from the exhaust pipe connection.

On STC engines remove the pipe plug from the main oil rifle drilling in the cylinder block.

Install the lubricating oil pressure gauge, Part Number 3375275.

On CELECT™ and CELECT™ Plus engines use a Cummins® electronic service tool to monitor the lubricating oil temperature.

Use a Cummins electronic service tool to monitor the lubricating oil temperature.

On STC engines remove the pipe plug in the intake manifold just below the inlet air connection, and install the intake manifold pressure gauge, Part Number ST-1273.

Install the lubricating oil pressure gauge, Part Number 3375275.

On CELECT™ and CELECT™ Plus engines use a Cummins® electronic service tool to monitor the lubricating oil temperature.

Install the Part Number 3822566, engine blowby tool, to the breather on the rocker lever cover to measure engine crankcase pressure.

A pressure gauge can be used to record the engine blowby.

The fuel measuring device, Part Number 3376375, is used during the performance check to measure fuel consumption. For more details, see the “Engine Testing — General Information.”

Install the fuel measuring device as follows:

• The fuel return hose from the engine to the fuel measuring device (A).
• The fuel inlet hose to the fuel filter inlet (B).
• The return hose from the device (C) to the fuel tank.
• The fuel inlet hose to the device from the fuel tank suction line (D).

Adjust the fuel rate to compensate for temperature variation if required. The fuel temperature must be between 15.5°C and 48.9°C [60°F and 120°F] for accurate measurement.

Measure the fuel inlet restriction. Install a vacuum gauge, Part Number ST-434, between the fuel filter and the gear pump inlet.

Do not measure fuel inlet restriction with the fuel measuring device installed. This will not measure the inlet restriction of the vehicle’s supply plumbing.

Hold the gauge at the same level as the gear pump.

The gauge will not measure the correct vacuum if the gauge is not held at the same level as the gear pump.

Use digital optical tachometer, Part Number 3377462, to check and verify engine speed.

Measure the fuel pressure. Install the pressure gauge, Part Number ST-435-6, or the pressure gauge in the fuel measuring device, Part Number 3376375, to the Compucheck® fitting on the fuel shutoff valve.

Pressure gauge, Part Number ST-435-6, is included with snap rail pressure gauge, Part Number 3375932.

Use pressure gauge, Part Number ST-1273, to measure fuel drain line restriction.

Do not measure fuel drain line restriction with the fuel measuring device installed. This will not measure the drain line restriction of the vehicle’s return plumbing.

Hold the gauge at the same level as the connection.

The gauge will not measure the correct pressure if the gauge is not held at the same level as the connection.

All air compressors manufactured by Cummins Inc. must be operating during the engine run-in. During the performance check, all air compressors must be in the unload or non-operating mode.

Connect a source of compressed air capable of producing 665 kPa [95 psi] to the air compressor unloader (1).

This air line must contain a valve between the source and the unloader.

The compressed air load in the accompanying illustration must be attached to the air compressor outlet (2).

Use an air tank (2). Install an air regulator (3) capable of maintaining 345 to 517 kPa [50 to 75 psi] air pressure at both minimum and maximum engine rpm.

Install a steel tube or high temperature hose (1).

Hose temperature (minimum): 235°C [500°F].

Connect the tube or hose (1) to the air compressor outlet.

Inspect the voltage rating on the starting motor before installing the electrical wiring.

Install the electrical wiring to the starting motor and batteries, if used.

If another method of starting the engine is used, follow the manufacturer’s instructions to make the necessary connections.

CELECT™ and CELECT™ Plus Engines which are run on an engine dynamometer require that the engine harness be installed and connected to the engine.

Additionally, a special engine dynamometer version of the OEM wiring harness and throttle control must be installed.

A special wiring harness and throttle control, Part Number 3823948, has been developed to enable engine operation out of chassis.

Connect the dynamometer test OEM wiring harness amp connector to the ECM. Tighten the connector capscrews to the ECM.

Connect the dynamometer test OEM wiring harness 3-pin connector to the engine harness power connector (shroud).

To save, adjust, and write parameters to and from the ECM, refer to the applicable Cummins electronic service tool.

Parameters must be returned to their original value when the test or run-in is completed.

Connect the dynamometer test OEM wiring harness 9-pin connector to the engine harness 9-pin connector.

WARNING  Batteries can emit explosive gasses. To reduce the possibility of personal injury, always ventilate the compartment before servicing the batteries. To reduce the possibility of arcing, remove the negative (-) battery cable first and attach the negative (-) battery cable last

Connect battery power to the starter.

Connect the dynamometer test OEM wiring harness starter solenoid lead (yellow) to the starter solenoid.

Connect the ground lead (black) to the starter or battery negative or ground side.

Connect the positive 12 VDC power lead (red) to either the starter or battery positive (+12 VDC) side.

Connect the keyswitch panel datalink cable to the Cummins electronic service tool.

Set up for dyno mode.

The setup is now completed, and the auto/manual throttle control can be used to control engine speed.